Maryland Barber State Practice Exam 2025 - Free Barber License Practice Questions and Study Guide

The primary ingredient in most hair relaxers is sodium hydroxide. This chemical is a strong alkali that works by breaking down the protein bonds in curly or frizzy hair, allowing it to be straightened. When applied to the hair, sodium hydroxide penetrates the cuticle, which enables it to relax the natural curl pattern.

Sodium hydroxide is particularly effective for achieving smooth, straight hair for a longer duration when used properly. It is often referred to as a "lye" relaxer. Because of its potency, it requires careful handling during application to avoid chemical burns or damage to hair and scalp.

The other options—ceramides, glycolic acid, and protein complexes—serve different purposes in hair care products. Ceramides are often used for moisturizing and strengthening hair. Glycolic acid is primarily utilized for exfoliation and improving hair texture but is not a common ingredient in relaxers. Protein complexes are generally included in conditioning treatments to help reinforce and repair hair structure but do not function as relaxers.